Reference Guide

Complex Litigation

Complex federal cases — multi-defendant conspiracies, RICO prosecutions, and continuing criminal enterprise cases — strain the ordinary procedure. The conspiracy statute, 18 U.S.C. § 371, and the coconspirator statement rule, Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(2)(E), do much of the work.

Federal courthouse — Southern District of California

The Conspiracy Charge

Agreements and overt acts

18 U.S.C. § 371 punishes the agreement itself: two or more persons who agree to commit a federal offense or defraud the United States, plus an overt act by one conspirator.

The charge allows joint trials and venue across districts.

The Coconspirator Statement Rule

Hearsay and its exception

Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(2)(E) provides that a statement made by a party's coconspirator during and in furtherance of the conspiracy is not hearsay.

The court must find by a preponderance that the conspiracy existed and that the statement was made during and in furtherance of it before the jury hears it.

The Corydon Law Research Desk

Each reference page links the statute or rule it describes, quoted from the primary source. Browse the depth library for the full set.

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Related Pages

Published by the Corydon Law Research Desk — John D. Kirby, publisher — former federal prosecutor. This page is reference information about federal law and procedure, not legal advice.